Roman numerals use seven symbols: I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500) and M (1,000). Values are added left to right, except when a smaller symbol comes before a larger one, which means subtract: IV is 4, IX is 9, XL is 40, XC is 90, CD is 400 and CM is 900. Standard notation never repeats a symbol more than three times in a row. This converter works in both directions. Standard Roman notation without overlines is commonly used for values from 1 to 3,999; for example, the year 2026 becomes MMXXVI. It is popular for movie copyright years, book chapters, clock faces and event names. It does not strictly validate all unusual or extended input forms, so verify results before publication.
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